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The Flag of Japan (Hinomaru) - Complete Guide
The deep history, precise dimensions, and cultural symbolism of the Hinomaru (Circle of the Sun). Learn why it is red and white.
Last Updated: December 12, 2024
What is the Hinomaru?
The national flag of Japan is officially called "Nisshoki" (Flag of the Sun), but most people call it "Hinomaru" (Circle of the Sun). It represents the sun rising, a symbol deeply tied to the Imperial family and the Shinto religion, as the Emperor is said to be a descendant of the Sun Goddess Amaterasu.
Colors & Dimensions
The ratio of the flag is 2:3. The red circle is exactly in the center, with a diameter that is 3/5ths of the vertical height. The red color is not just "red" but "Beni-iro" (Deep Crimson), symbolizing vitality, passion, and sincerity. The white background represents purity and honesty.
The "Rising Sun" Controversy
Do not confuse the national flag (a single red disc) with the "Rising Sun Flag" (red disc with 16 rays). The 16-ray flag was used by the Imperial Army and is largely considered offensive in neighboring Asian countries due to WWII history. The Hinomaru, however, is the peaceful national symbol.